In this picture of the Life’s photographer George Silk some American M4 Sherman tanks parked in a field of poppies during the Italian Campaign in August 1944. World War II Albert Kesselring (30 November 1885 – 16 July 1960) was a German Generalfeldmarschall of the Luftwaffe during World War II who was subsequently convicted of war crimes. Battle Edit. He published his memoirs, A Soldier to the Last Day, one of only three Field Marshals to be able to do so. Kesselring Albert, born on 30-11-1885 in Marktsteft, Unterfranken, four and a half year older as Adolf Hitler (did you know) as the son of Karl Adolph Kesselring, a town education officer and Rosina Margaretha Maria Kesselring. Albert Kesselring (30 November 1885 – 16 July 1960) was a German Luftwaffe Generalfeldmarschall during World War II. https://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/albert-kesselring-38524.php The Italian Campaign – Salerno Landings September 1943. Seventh Army, under Lieutenant General George S. Patton, and the British Eighth Army, under General Bernard Montgomery. Commencez à lire Albert Kesselring (Command Book 27) (English Edition) sur votre Kindle en moins d'une minute . In March 1945, he was redirected to Germany to replace Gerd von Rundstedt as commander of the Western Front forces, and in April 1945 he was dismissed as the Allies invaded Germany. In 1933, Nazi Germany discharged him from the army and moved him to the Reich Air Ministry, and he was a latecomer to aviation; he was 48 when he flew a plane for the first time. Our community welcomes everyone from around the world to discuss world history, historical periods, and themes in history - military history, archaeology, arts and culture, and history in books and movies. Albert Kesselring (30 November 1885 – 16 July 1960) was a German Luftwaffe Generalfeldmarschall during World War II. In a military career that spanned both World Wars, Kesselring became one of Nazi Germany's most skilful commanders, being one of 27 soldiers awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds. The Germans did not concentrate forces on resisting the landings on the beach. there was disagreement between the Allies on the best strategy to defeat the Axis The Winter Line was a series of German and Italian military fortifications in Italy, constructed during World War II by Organisation Todt and commanded by Albert Kesselring.The series of three lines was designed to defend a western section of Italy, focused around the town of Monte Cassino, through which ran the important Highway 6 which led uninterrupted to Rome. After the war, Kesselring was held responsible for the bombing of Rotterdam and the massacre of Italian civilians by the Wehrmacht, among other crimes, and he was sentenced to death. ..".provides a fine biography of of field marshal Albert Kesselring, a key figure during the Italian campaign of 1943-45." In a military career that spanned both World Wars, Kesselring became one of Nazi Germany’s most skilful commanders, being one of 27 soldiers awarded the Knight’s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds. Originally a Bavarian Army officer, he transferred to the Luftwaffe in 1935 and became Goering’s deputy, commanding air fleets during the invasion of France and the Battle of Britain. Lancashire Fusiliers with Achilles tank destroyers, Ferrara, 1945. On 3 September 1943, British Eighth Army's XIII Corps launched Operation Baytown. The Gothic Line (Gotenstellung; Linea Gotica) was a German defensive line of the Italian Campaign of World War II. The commander of Army Group C, Albert Kesselring, complimented the Allied air effort but claimed his “supply situation was satisfactory” during the Italian campaign. It was a blow to the Siege of Malta (1940–1942) North African Campaign (1941–1943) Italian Campaign (1943–1945) Central Europe Campaign (1945) Awards. Historica Wiki is a FANDOM Games Community. Field Marshal Albert Kesselring was one of Germany’s most capable military strategists. Italian campaign (World War II)-Wikipedia. Albert Kesselring. The generally accepted narrative goes something like this. After several attacks the German commander Albert Kesselring decided to abandon the Gustav line defences on 25 May, opening the way for the Allied advance. Listen Now. When the Eighth Army were held up by stubborn defences in the ru… Piacenza-Wikipedia. Related topics . In Italy the two major allies, Britain and the United States, could not agree on the campaign’s aim and purpose. Founded in 2006, Historum is a history forum dedicated to history discussions and historical events. He became the head of the admin dept reichs kommissariat and his political pragmatism and optimism saw him promoted to air fleet commander. Although there was fierce resistance in Italy to the Italian Fascists and the Italian troops were inferior in equipment and training to the Germans, the Fascists didn't go quietly and the Germans sent an entire army group - Army Group C - along with the very able General Albert Kesselring to defend the peninsula. In a military career that spanned both world wars, Kesselring became one of Nazi Germany's most highly decorated comma Contents. Note the soldier crouched in the middle of the flowers as a relax moment, but also the gun of the second Sherman traversed as if to counter a possible threat from the side. Careful review of microfilmed German operational records led the author to solve a World War II mystery involving Field Marshall Albert Kesselring and the Italian campaign he directed. “They are called ‘Mountain Boys,’ he said, “and probably belong to the 1st Canadian Division.” German respect for the Canadian soldier was beginning. But that was a deceptive move; the German plan was to let the Allies land and move into a beachhead before then hitting them from every direction … (there was a lack of imaginitive and experienced airmen and he was seen as a yes man) He was simply better at commanding soldiers than airmen. Furthermore the capture of Rome would also … He gave the Allies a hard time advancing up the boot of Italy, and the Gothic Line campaign of August 1944-March 1945 was a tough campaign. On 1 October 1938 he was given command of Luftflotte 1, an air fleet based out of Berlin, and he was promoted to General. However, his sentence was commuted to life imprisonment, and in 1952 he was released from prison due to poor health. The 442nd gained lasting fame during the Italian campaign and finished the war as one of the most highly decorated units of the U.S. Army. How was Albert Kesselring so effective in the Italian Campaign: Military History: Aug 1, 2020: Who is Albert Pyke ? In a May 1947 interview, Leese said he was "very sad" to hear of what he considered "British victor's justice" being imposed on Kesselring, an "extremely gallant soldier who had fought his battles fairly and squarely". He was a veteran of the invasion of Poland in 1939, the Battle of France in 1940, and the Battle of Britain later that year; in 1940, he was the man responsible for ordering the Bombing of Rotterdam, one of the worst war crimes of the war. JavaScript is disabled. How was he so successful in holding Italy? He also favoured attacking Gibraltar I believe. In 1941 he was appointed C-in-C South, sharing the direction of the North African campaign with Rommel. On 9 September, in a hastily planned operation named SLAPSTICK, with the collaboration of the Italians, 3,600 men of the British 1st Paratroop Division landed unopposed at the port of Taranto in the Italian heel. Although he is mostly remembered for his part in the campaign in Italy from 1943 to 1945, Generalfeldmarschall Albert Kesselring was also chief of staff of the Luftwaffe in 1936-37, playing a crucial role in the shaping of the service for the coming war. Following the conclusion of the war, Albert Kesselring was found guilty of war crimes and was given a death sentence for his instructions to his troops to commit the Ardeatine massacre, in which 335 Italian civilians were killed, as well as for encouraging and commanding his men to murder civilians in response to the Italian resistance movement. View this object . https://historica.fandom.com/wiki/Albert_Kesselring?oldid=280690. The son of a town education officer, Kesselring joined the army as a cadet in 1904. The Germans in Italy had a Supreme Commander, Field Marshal Albert Kesselring, who is routinely described in English-language histories as a genius. Background Having defeated Axis forces in Sicily, the Allies turned their attention to mainland Italy. In Italy, commanding both ground and air forces, he conducted a faultless campaign, gradually withdrawing northwards and exacting a huge price for every Allied gain. European History: Mar 2, 2019: NatGeo series GENIUS, about Albert Einstein. This was on display after being discharged from the reichswehr as a leut colonel against his wishes. Albert Kesselring was born in Marktsteft, Bavaria, on 30 November 1885,[Notes Kesselring Albert, born on 30-11-1885 in Marktsteft, Unterfranken, four and a half year older as Adolf Hitler (did you know) as the son of Karl Adolph Kesselring, a town education officer and Rosina Margaretha Maria Kesselring.Albert joined the military as a cadet in 1904, age 19 and became an artillery officer in the 2nd Bavarian Foot Artillery Regiment at Metz. I think Kesselring should be commended for his inter personal skills on display at all times with the Italians and his adaptability. In September 1943 the armies of the United States and Great Britain and the Commonwealth, fresh from victories in North Africa and Sicily, invaded the southern Italian peninsula at three locations. Under his command, Wehrmacht units committed atrocities against occupied Italian towns and villages, massacring people believed to have supported Italian Resistance partisans. The Iron Curtain of Discreet Silence remained unbroken in Britain until May 1947, when it was casually disclosed in the Press that Field Marshal Albert Kesselring, the commander-in-chief of the German forces in Italy, had been sentenced to death by a British military court in Venice, after a hearing lasting three months, for being responsible for the shooting of certain hostages and various Italian partisans and … Continua a leggere GOTHIC LINE ITALY→ Movies / Television: Sep 14, 2017 German casualties for the Italian campaign were around 336,000, while those of the Allies totalled 313,000. The two supreme commanders, Allied and German, probably had the best view and most accurate overall assessment of the March to May 1944 period of Strangle. The Italian campaign thus far had been long, arduous, and frustrating. The Canadian Encyclopedia, s.v. After participating in the attack on the Soviet Union (summer 1941), Kesselring became commander in chief, south (late 1941), to bolster Italy’s efforts in North Africa and against Malta. View this object . Albert Kesselring (30 November 1885 – 16 July 1960) was a German Luftwaffe Generalfeldmarschall during World War II. If the capture of Rome was a valuable propaganda coup, it did not alter the harsh texture of the fighting in the Italian campaign. The invasion followed the successful invasion of Sicily during the Italian Campaign. In1944 the Allied conduct of the Italian Campaign demonstrated all the difficulties and potential failings of coalition warfare. He served in the 2nd Bavarian Foot Artillery Regiment in World War I, and in 1917 he was posted to the general staff despite not going to the Bavarian War Academy. The land forces involved were the U.S. The Gothic Line (Gotenstellung in German, English Gothic Line) defensive line was established by German Field Marshal Albert Kesselring in 1944 in an attempt to slow the advance of the allied army commanded by General Harold Alexander to northern Italy. The Italian campaign of September 1943 was a complicated operation, focusing around landing at the foot of Italy and advancing up coastal roads towards Rome. --The Midwest Book Review (November 2012)..".a brief but excellent look at the life of Albert Kesselring." The capture of Rome was incredibly important to the Allies. His air fleet also gave support to Erwin Rommel's Afrika Korps during the North African Campaign of 1941-1945. The original plan contemplated a strong advance by the British northwards along the east coast to Messina, with the Americans in a supporting role along their left flank. A skilled German commander, he was fondly referred to by his admirers as “Smiling Albert.” He commanded in both the army and air force; took part in diplomacy and political administration and featured in nearly every theater of the war in Europe and the Mediterranean. "Canada and the Italian Campaign", Last Edited September 23, 2020, https: ... Field marshal Albert Kesselring reported that his men were fighting highly trained mountain troops. March 23rd, 1944 partisans carried out on a bomb attack on a German barracks in Rosella Street, Rome. Copyright © 2006-2020 Historum. The 5th Northamptonshire Regiment in Portomaggiore, April 1945. As a result, the Army Group Commander in southern Italy, Field Marshall Albert Kesselring had been forbidden to call upon reserves from the northern Army Group. Albert Kesselring, (born November 20, 1885, Marktstedt, Bavaria, Germany—died July 16, 1960, Bad Nauheim, West Germany), field marshal who, as German commander in chief, south, became one of Adolf Hitler’s top defensive strategists during World War II.. Though unable to take Malta, he commanded Erwin Rommel and the Axis campaign in North Africa. And defense if all advantages at hand used right is easier than offense in modern warfare with modern firepower. Albert Kesselring Kesselring wearing his Knight's Cross in 1940 Nickname(s) Smiling Albert Uncle Albert: Born (1885-11-30) 30 November 1885 Marktsteft, Kingdom of Bavaria, German Empire: Died: 16 July 1960 (1960-07-16) (aged 74) Bad Nauheim, Hessen, West Germany: Allegiance German Empire (1904–1918) Weimar Republic (1918–1933) Nazi Germany (1933–1945) Service/ … The Italian campaign ended in the spring of 1945, with Germany's eventual surrender. BAYTOWN went smoothly. 8) And there was a growing dysfunction in order-command-hierarchy in strategic command of 15th Army Group. Facts about two events in March 1944, the Ardeatine Cave Massacre and the failed GINNY II mission, were manipulated. ... Field Marshal Albert Kesselring conducted an effective campaign that put up stiff resistance to the American forces on the western side, and against General Bernard Montgomery’s men fighting their way up the eastern side. A combined Allied invasion of Sicily began on 10 July 1943 with both amphibious and airborne landings at the Gulf of Gela. The Italian Campaign: Prelude to Normandy.
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