Download this article as a print friendly PDF and receive our weekly overview of the most important geomatics news and insightful articles and case studies. The project has an estimated cost of 500 billion Hong Kong dollars. recorded in 2003 but only 32 in 2019, an alarming drop of 83 per cent. Victoria Harbour is an unique public asset and natural heritage in Hong Kong. Known as Contract 3206 – Main Reclamation Works the tenders for this contract were due for submission to the Airport Authority not later than 16:30 (Hong Kong time) on Wednesday August 24. The statistical figures show that the additional land created by reclamation in Hong Kong was about 500 to 700 ha every 5 years between 1985 and 2004. Hong Kong – (Main article: Land reclamation in Hong Kong) Praya Reclamation Scheme began in the late 1860s and consisted of two stages totaling 20 to 24 hectares (50 to 60 acres). The platform of the new airport is the partly man-made island Chek Lap Kok off the north coast of Lantau island. The Palm Islands, The World and hotel Burj al-Arab of Dubai in the United Arab Emirates are other examples of artificial islands. The... 2. Located in the densely built-up Kowloon City District with a single runway extending into Kowloon Bay, Hong Kong Airport had turned on the runway lights for expansion to cope with steadily increasing air traffic. The estimated cost in 2010 was 8.2 billion Hong Kong dollars. Central Waves lapped Des Voeux Road in the 1880s. [1] The first reclamations can be traced back to the early Western Han Dynasty (206 BC – 9 AD), when beaches were turned into fields for salt production. Its Hong Kong “time machine” combines satellite data to show the extent of the city’s land reclamation works. These specialised marine site investigation services are not readily available in the region. Pushed into the soil by rotating wheels at a controlled rate, the SEACALF  acquired data as it penetrated the seabed, communicating back to the barge in real-time. The Hong Kong International Airport has... Environmental Costs From Creation of Land. The Government has been prudent in pursuing further reclamation The team is specialised and the team of about one hundred people is 95% local Hong Kong Chinese, with the balance from the UK, Turkey, Germany, New Zealand and The Netherlands. Hong Kong International Airport opened in 1998 and is one of the busiest airports in the world with 35 million passengers annually. The initial building of Hong Kong International Airport was one of the biggest infrastructure operations in the industry. The construction of facilities on the reclamation commenced, prior to completion of the reclamation, in November 1994 and will be complete early in 1998 in time for the airport … The authority said the supply of fill materials from mainland China was suspended in the first half of February but it expected new deliveries could begin by the middle of the year. SETTLEMENT OF RECLAIMED LAND FOR THE NEW HONG KONG INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT. Hong Kong International Airport is often voted one of the world’s best airports by international travelers, and it’s vital to the city’s ongoing success as a global economic powerhouse. In the meantime, the Airport Authority Hong Kong (AA) will hand over the newly reclaimed land in phases to other contractors to proceed with airfield infrastructure works according to works progress. The reclaimed land under the Airport Core Programme was not included. The reclamation is to be finished in 2020, while the runway on top of it is expected to be completed in 2024. [6], The third runway of HKIA is being built on land that is currently being reclaimed. Copy the URL below or share it on your social media of choice. Chek Lap Kok About 900 hectares of reclaimed land tripled the size of the island for the new airport in 1998. The HKIA Master Plan 2030 revealed the airport would reach saturation point sometime between 2019 and 2022. ALSO ON HKFP. Subscribe to our newsletter and get our newest updates right on your inbox. By: Gurwinder J Reason for the Reclamation -government said that they need more space for infrastructures -did land reclamation to make more space The method of land reclamation was that the builders used the dirt dug out for the foundations and threw it into the One of the earliest projects, the works were completed in two phases. [3][4] It significantly expanded the land around Praya Central. Hong Kong International Airport, one of the world’s busiest airports, was built in the late 1990s on reclaimed land. These were built in a series of three phases. The project involves reclamation of about 130 hectares of land from the open waters off the northeast of the Hong Kong International Airport and construction of a … Praya East Reclamation Scheme (1921-1931), New International Airport construction (1991-1998), Central and Wan Chai projects (1993-2018), Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge (2009-2018), Hong Kong International Airport Third Runway (2016-2024), Hong_Kong_International_Airport#Future_development, Hong Kong International Airport § History, Hong Kong Disneyland Resort § Construction, Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Bridge § Construction, Hong Kong International Airport Master Plan 2030, Land reclamations of the People's Republic of China, Reclamation and Development in Hong Kong (map), EIA: A survey report of Historical Buildings and Structures within the Project Area of the Central Reclamation Phase III, "Land-grabbing titans who changed HK's profit for good", https://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/201801/10/P2018011000659.htm, "Project Timeline - Three Runway System - Hong Kong International Airport", https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/hong-kong-economy/article/2173774/hong-kong-ready-splash-hk500-billion-or-more-lantau, https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/2169535/hong-kong-leader-carrie-lam-bulldozes-ahead-lantau-island, "Courts protect our imperiled waterway – at least for the time being", "Lawmaker warns of West Kowloon arts venue glut", "Government committed to harbour protection", Detailed list of historical land reclamation projects in Hong Kong, "Transformation of waterfront space in Asian cities: Macau, Hong Kong, Shanghai", "Enhancing Land Supply Strategy: Reclamation Outside Victoria Harbour and Rock Cavern Development", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Land_reclamation_in_Hong_Kong&oldid=1014651424, Articles with Chinese-language sources (zh), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 28 March 2021, at 10:01. In a major reclamation programme, its 100-metre peak was reduced … These include constructing soil-cement columns using the Deep Cement Mixing (DCM) method. They are building a third runway at the moment and for this, a small portion of land next to the airport has been reclaimed. One of the earliest projects, the works were completed in two phases. In order to accommodate an airport with two runways, Chek Lap Kok had to be enlarged considerably and the hilly country had to be excavated. Ofcourse we encourage you to share this article with your peers if you enjoyed reading it. Hong Kong’s Land Reclamation: Past, Present and Future 1. The new towns were mostly built on reclaimed land, such as Tuen Mun, Tai Po, Sha Tin, Ma On Shan, West Kowloon, Kwun Tong and Tseung Kwan O. Hong Kong International Airport is the main airport in Hong Kong. The new Sir Norman Foster-designed airport at Chek Lap Kok opened in 1998. The airplanes had to fly past the apartments and the tall buildings, very nearly and risk of accident was very high. It is now expanding to include a third runway. Working within a few hundred metres of the runways of one of the world’s busiest airports requires careful planning of the location of the two barges and six jack-up rigs that were working around the clock for much of the contract period. Wanchai, Central, the two airports, Disneyland, the IFC, HKCEC... but: land reclamation is destroying the Victoria Harbour Construction of the 938 hectare reclamation for Hong Kong's new airport at Chek Lap Kok was essentially complete in July 1995. Construction of the 938 hectare reclamation for Hong Kong's new airport at Chek Lap Kok was essentially complete in July 1995. Today, the new Central-Wan Chai bypass is the latest reclamation... 3. Thank You! By continuing to use this website, you agree to our Cookies Policy. This includes transportation improvements such as the Hong Kong MTR Station, Airport Express Railway & Central-Wanchai Bypass, as well as public recreation space such as the Central Harbourfront Event Space, Tamar Park and the Hong Kong Observation Wheel. Hydro International is published six times a year. because: many renowned districts and buildings of Hong Kong are built upon reclaimed land, e.g. Authors: G W PLANT , D E OAKERVEE Source: Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Civil Engineering, Volume 126, Issue 5 , 1 May 1998 (15–34) The suspension of sand supplies and bad weather have resulted in delays of more than four months on reclamation work for Hong Kong’s multibillion third runway project, the Airport Authority has revealed. In a 2019 policy address from Carrie Lam, the Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, it was recognised that reclamation in the Central Waters for developing the Kau Yi Chau Artificial Islands could provide … Land Reclamation Work Underway for Hong Kong Airport’s Third Runway Hong Kong International Airport, one of the world’s busiest airports, was built in the late 1990s on reclaimed land. Skip this step and head to the download directly. Fugro conducted several site investigation surveys, including drilling, geotechnical testing, soil and water sampling, geophysical surveys and water quality monitoring at nearly 800 locations in the waters north of the present airport. Covering 12.48km² of reclaimed land … Hong Kong Disneyland, Hong Kong International Airport, and its predecessor, Kai Tak Airport, were all built on reclaimed land. This site uses cookies. The bridge project involved the creation of four islands, including one in Hong Kong. Among the most ambitious construction projects of modern times, the land on which the airport stands was once a mountainous island. These were to understand the geological profile of the area, and to trial a proposed deep cement mixing technique to minimise the amount of dredging required, thus reducing the local environmental impact during the construction phase. In preparation for this expansion, the Airport  Authority selected Fugro to carry out the necessary site characterisation investigations. Land reclamation (grey area) in Hong Kong. Hong Kong is one of the wealthiest cities in the world. Kansai International Airport (in Osaka) and Hong Kong International Airport are examples where this process was deemed necessary. As the expansion requires further reclamation of land, Hong Kong’s Airport Authority had specific objectives for the site investigation of the expansion. For the land reclamation, as much as 250 million cubic meters of material has been dredged in a period of three years to create an island covering 1,248 hectares. It used it to build the airport and around 6 percent of its current land area. A total of 650 hectares of land need to be reclaimed. The reclamation of land from the ocean has long been used in mountainous Hong Kong to expand the limited supply of usable land with a total of around 60 square kilometres of land created by 1996. The "new" airport, Chep Lap Kok International airport was built on two islands and was opened in 1998. Several projects in and around Victoria Harbour, constructed for various purposes. Previously, it had an airport named Kai Tak. In preparation for this expansion, the Airport Authority selected Fugro to carry out the necessary site characterisation investigations. It was that close,’ says former Hong Kong resident Fiona Hawthorne. Kai Tak Airport in the 1970s, before more reclamation work was undertaken. Fugro was able to offer them through its global network of companies and, in addition to the fieldwork, also carried out extensive laboratory testing, including triaxial extension tests, at its Hong Kong facilities. In preparation for this expansion, the Airport Authority selected Fugro to carry out the necessary site characterisation investigations. It was one of the most ambitious projects ever undertaken during the Colonial Hong Kong era. The Hong Kong Airports Authority added that the newly reclaimed land would be handed over to follow on contractors in phases. Between 1851 and the early 20th century, most land reclamation projects took place off the northern coast of Hong Kong Island where the British colonial offices were located, primarily between what are now the Kennedy Town and Causeway Bay neighbourhoods. But that was in the middle of the city, endangering human life and property. By submitting this form, you agree to our Terms of Service and Privacy Policy. Major land reclamation projects have been conducted since the mid-19th century.[2]. (HONG KONG, 20 September 2018) – Jack So Chak-kwong, Chairman of Airport Authority Hong Kong (AA), today visited the reclamation work site of Hong Kong International Airport's Three-runway System (3RS), where he was briefed on the progress of construction. The current new Hong Kong Port and Airport Development Scheme projects involve very large areas of land being reclaimed from the sea in various parts of the territory. The Airport Authority Hong Kong has been considering … The second added 50 to 60 acres (24 ha) of land in 1890 during the second phase of construction. The magazine is international in scope and focuses on bringing to its readership topical overviews and the latest news and developments in the technology and management of hydrographic and oceanographic activities. This has raised environmental issues of the protection of the harbour which was once the source of prosperity of Hong Kong, traffic congestion in the Central district,[10] as well as the collusion of the Hong Kong Government with the real estate developers in the territory. Chek Lap Kok Airport was designed as a replacement for the former Hong Kong International Airport (commonly known as Kai Tak Airport) built in 1925. [7], In October 2018, a development project was announced with the intention of creating 1700 hectares of land in the form of new islands off the east coast of Lantau, to house an estimated 1.1 million people. Hong Kong International Airport. It was one of the most ambitious projects ever undertaken during the Colonial Hong Kong era. because: land reclamation has been vital to the development of Hong Kong as a World-class city in the past several decades . and flat land is scarce. third runway . and Hong Kong airport’s . Completed in 1998 as Hong Kong's sole air terminal, by 2040 it is expected to handle eighty million passengers per annum - the equivalent of London's Heathrow and New York's JFK airports combined. Much of the work related to investigating the engineering properties for preliminary design and environmental assessments of the proposed third runway systems. It is now expanding to include a third runway. The airport acknowledged that there were delays in the reclamation work in February this year, which is said was the result of poor weather and the supply of sand material but said at the time that the overall programme and cost was not expected to be affected. The construction of facilities on the reclamation commenced, prior to completion of the reclamation, in November 1994 and will be complete early in 1998 in time for the airport opening. Reclamation also took place on the southern end of the Kowloon peninsula. [11][12], Hong Kong legislators passed the Protection of the Harbour Ordinance in 1996 in an effort to safeguard the increasingly threatened Victoria Harbour against encroaching land development. [8][9], Much reclamation has taken place in prime locations on the waterfront on both sides of Victoria Harbour. The project is expected to be completed in 2023. A third runway was deemed essential, to be built on land reclaimed from the sea. The project - Hong Kong International airport. It is now expanding to include a third runway. Hydro International started out as a print magazine in 1996 and soon developed into a the multimedia platform it is today, featuring a successful website and respected weekly newsletter. 188 dolphins. [14], Sha Tin New Town under development in the 1980s. The world’s largest land reclamation - based on Fibertex Geotextiles . The Hong Kong Airport expansion project, currently underway, involves major land reclamation works. [5]. The dredging work was completed in January 1996. By the 1990s, Kai Tak had become one of the world's busiest airports – it far exceeded its annual passenger and cargo design capacities, and one ou… The land reclamation... Benefits Achieved. The Hong Kong International Airport’s “Invitation to Tender Three Runway System (3RS) Project” has closed. A new airport was needed, but The second added 50 to 60 acres (24 ha) of land in 1890 during the second phase of construction. hong kong international airport- civil engineering design. The 3RS project comprises different components, many of which have either been completed on time or ahead of schedule. Covering 12.48km² of reclaimed land between the two islands of Chek Lap Kok and Lam Chau, the airport increased the land area of Hong Kong by 1%. Hong Kong Airport Land Reclamation Totals Involved. It was the centre of an enormous infrastructure programme that included bridges, expressways, the Airport Express railway and vast land reclamation. There were . In order to evaluate the mechanical properties of these newly … The advance works of diverting the submarine power cables and aviation fuel pipelines were … Already subscribed or no desire to subscribe to our newsletter? It is colloquially known as Chek Lap Kok Airport, being built on the island of Chek Lap Kok by land reclamation, and also to distinguish it from its predecessor, the closed Kai Tak Airport. Currently under construction, an expansion of Tung Chung on the north shore of Lantau island. Hong Kong Disneyland Resort under construction (October 2004), The airport platform of Hong Kong International Airport in 2010. Fugro has been closely involved with this significant project from the beginning and has gained detailed knowledge of the local geology from its previous work experience at the existing airport and associated infrastructure. The initial building of Hong Kong International Airport was one of the biggest infrastructure operations in the industry. [13] In a judicial review in January 2004, the Court of Final Appeal stipulated an "overriding public need" test which the government must adhere in order to carry out reclamation at Victoria Harbour. The marine CPTs were carried out with a Fugro SEACALF® wheeldrive rig deployed from one of the barges. Hong Kong International Airport, one of the world’s busiest airports, was built in the late 1990s on reclaimed land. It had only one run way and the congestion was a lot rather increasing day by day. Land reclamation. Fugro has undertaken six projects related to the proposed third runway at Chek Lap Kok in the last five years. Hong Kong is no stranger to the land-reclamation process. HKIE Environmental Division 2010 Environmental Paper Award Sustainable Reclamation . It significantly expanded the land around Praya Central. Agree, Key Role for Hydrography in Black Box Search Operation, Automatic Shipwreck Detection in Bathymetry Data, Towards a Coastline Base Map in Indonesia, How Early Engagement Can Cut Costs and Enhance Project Outcomes, The History of Pursuing Hydrographic Measurement Accuracy, Unleashing the Full Potential of Hydrographic Data, Advancing Science for a Sustainable Ocean Economy, Automated Workflows and Machine Learning Techniques for Coastline Extraction. By submitting this form, you agree to our Terms of Service and Privacy Policy. A section of runway and most parking stands were built on reclaimed land. These have involved up to eight vessels on site, sinking 267 marine drill holes and 345 marine CPTs. The fieldwork included specialist techniques such as BAT gas sampling, Begemann sediment sampling and marine seismic cone penetration testing (CPT). Note that most of the urban area (shown in pink in the map below) of Hong Kong is on the reclaimed land. The old airport, Kai Tak, was located In Kowloon and part of the land is reclaimed.